Loving wildlife often goes hand in hand with a passion for travel, but figuring out what’s ethical and what’s exploitative in wildlife tourism can be tough. Unfortunately, the cruel aspects of unethical wildlife tourism are usually hidden—and sometimes, they’re just part of the activity itself. For example, attractions like elephant rides and petting tiger cubs are often connected to harmful practices where animals are taken from the wild only for tourism, or involve breeding centers linked to the illegal wildlife trade.
Remember, wildlife tourism is an industry, and companies will continue exploiting animals as long as there’s demand. As more people become aware and start choosing responsibly, the call for unethical practices will decline. Often, the best way to show our love for animals is to let them live freely in their natural settings.
The good news is there are many responsible wildlife tour operators that create a positive impact and reduce negative ones. Start with some research, trust your instincts, and use guides like this to make informed choices about ethical wildlife encounters.
An ethical wildlife experience supports biodiversity and minimizes interference with natural ecosystems. When doing your research, look at the company’s goals. Does it prioritize animal welfare over profit? Are they partnered with a registered nonprofit? Don’t hesitate to ask questions. Ethical tours have nothing to hide.
Watch out for red flags in wildlife tourism, such as activities that involve feeding wild animals. Feeding them or getting too close can disrupt their ecosystems or make them too familiar with humans, which can lead to conflict. Likewise, photo ops with animals that are restrained or used as props can harm them. Consider what souvenirs are for sale, and refer to the World Wildlife Fund’s “Buyer Beware” guide to avoid products harming wildlife.
If you can’t find enough information about a tour company online, check out review sites. Pay attention to negative reviews, and apply common sense. For example, a safari company advertising walks with wild tigers in South Africa—where tigers aren’t native—should raise questions about the company’s values.
Sadly, not all animal sanctuaries are legitimate. Many have rebranded themselves as sanctuaries to dodge scrutiny. Look at how the animals are kept and if their enclosures resemble their natural habitats. Ask why the animals are there—are they supporting conservation, or simply attracting tourists? Ideally, the sanctuary should help animals from abusive situations or rehabilitate injured ones for eventual release.
Fortunately, there are sanctuaries truly focused on helping abused wildlife. Before visiting, see if they’re accredited by the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries or linked to a reputable nonprofit.
Remember, while safaris can offer some of the most amazing wildlife experiences, they often occur in poorer regions. Responsible safaris can benefit local communities and help protect endangered species. Look for operators working closely with local communities for sustainable conservation.
Wildlife tours should be small and non-intrusive, emphasizing education and research. Your payment should support conservation efforts in the areas you visit. Responsible Travel, a U.K.-based company, is a great resource for ethical wildlife tours.
Though zoos and aquariums used to focus purely on entertainment, many now prioritize conservation. In places like the U.S., they’re shifting towards saving species from extinction. Experts suggest judging these facilities individually. As renowned marine biologist Sylvia Earle notes, seeing animals up close can spark a love for them. When visiting, ensure the facility is accredited and contributes to conservation efforts.
Keep the “five freedoms” of animal care in mind: freedom from hunger and thirst; discomfort; pain, injury, or disease; express normal behavior; and freedom from fear and distress.
For marine activities like diving and snorkeling, keep a respectful distance from wildlife and avoid touching coral reefs. If a boat discourages aerosol sunscreens or non-reef-safe products, it’s a good sign. If they encourage feeding animals or coaxing them closer, that’s a red flag. Look for operators certified by the NOAA Dolphin SMART program, which follows non-invasive observation techniques.
“Voluntourism” can be tricky. Some companies sell expensive packages that aren’t truly beneficial. Ensure the work doesn’t replace local jobs, but instead supports the community. Ask where your money goes and connect with past volunteers for insights.
National and state parks offer excellent habitats for wildlife. Entrance fees often support park conservation efforts. Parks usually have guidelines on keeping safe distances from wildlife. Check these rules before visiting.
When exploring protected areas, patience is key. You might not see as many animals as in a zoo, but witnessing them in the wild is a unique reward.
