Whether you’re a new bike owner, have a mountain bike that’s been idling in the garage for years, or recently took a spin on a friend’s bike and decided you want your own, there’s one certainty: there’s plenty to discover about mountain biking. Even if you learned to cycle at age three, you’ll have to re-familiarize yourself with some skills when you hop on a mountain bike. And if you’re accustomed to road biking, you’ll need to unlearn a few habits—like leaning into the handlebars.
Luckily, while mountain biking can appear intense, it doesn’t have to be. Not every mountain biker is pulling off XGames-style jumps or speeding down rocky slopes; that’s generally for the professionals to showcase. For many enthusiasts, a pleasant ride on a dirt trail through the woods offers a wonderful chance to enjoy nature, breathe fresh air, and boost heart and leg strength.
Here’s an introduction to mountain biking, but remember, it’s just the beginning. Even seasoned riders constantly learn new tips to enhance their speed. Understanding some basic facts before you start—and remaining open to learning—will prepare you to be a skilled mountain biker in no time.
Mountain bikes come in different types, which are generally wide-ranging. Knowing the type of bike can suggest which terrain and style of riding suit it best, but these are flexible guidelines, and brands often label their bikes as crossovers or all-mountain models.
Hardtail bikes lack rear suspension, making them less ideal for bumpy or rocky downhill terrain because they don’t absorb shocks, leaving you more rattled and potentially sore afterward. However, they’re efficient for climbing and are typically more affordable. Many beginners start with hardtails and then move to full-suspension bikes as they gain experience, although some experts favor hardtails to ride on smooth trails due to their speed and lightweight design.
Trail bikes mark the entry into full-suspension mountain bikes. They absorb both front and rear impacts, granting a smoother ride on uneven paths, allowing you to navigate more challenging areas with less concern about getting shaken up. The frame generally positions the rider more upright than downhill or enduro bikes, with forks typically compressing 120-150mm to absorb shocks. They have more “bounce” than hardtails.
Enduro bikes, also known as all-mountain bikes, cater to slightly more advanced riders but are also recommended for those tackling steep or rocky trails. Travel extends to 150-180mm, and these bikes are robust, built for bigger jumps and tougher landings. A longer frame aids downhill riding but, combined with increased travel, may complicate uphill climbs.
Downhill bikes excel on steep downhill paths at high speeds. Perfect for bike parks at ski resorts when you’re using a lift or vehicle to ascend. They feature travel in the 200mm+ range to endure large impacts, with frames designed for quick descent. However, they are tough to climb with and tend to be heavy—few riders choose a downhill bike as their sole option.
Size isn’t an exact science, especially since features like handlebar width and seat height can be adjusted. Bikes typically come in S, M, L, XL sizes, but measurements vary per brand. Consult size charts and visit local shops for expert sizing advice—that’s their specialty.
Starting with a general height chart and trying a few sizes if you’re between options is recommended. “You should stand over the top bar with flat feet comfortably, and while pedaling, you shouldn’t feel too cramped or excessively extended,” advises Karen Jarchow, a professional mountain bike racer and youth coach based in Colorado at Vail Valley RIDE.
In terms of skills and safety, emphasize these two principles: avoid unsafe practices and show courtesy on trails.
The latter is simple. Mountain bikers share trails with hikers, motorbikes, equestrians, and occasionally wildlife. In the U.S., bikers usually yield to everyone (though pedestrians often step aside for bikes), and between two bikes, the uphill rider has precedence. If you approach someone from behind, a friendly “on your left” or “on your right” usually alerts the person ahead. If you’re the one being approached, kindly step aside when it’s safe to do so.
Learning essential skills may be complex but is vital. Though mountain biking can be risky, starting with a solid foundation minimizes injury chances. Building on basic positions and strategies will make progression safer. Jarchow emphasizes comfort, balance, and confidence on the bike. “I relate the athletic posture learned in other sports to biking. Basic skills include standing on pedals, elbow and knee bending, hip movement, and keeping the chin up,” she shared. It’s all about letting the bike move freely while being dynamic with your body.”
Essentially, Jarchow advises staying relaxed and synchronizing with the bike. Learning to treat the bike as an extension of the body can boost comfort on trails. Some may struggle with losing a bit of control but gain expertise over time. “Once riders trust their bike/body harmony,” Jarchow remarked, “other skills come more naturally.”
While mountain bike apparel and gear flourish in the market, new cyclists can certainly start in regular gym clothes. Moisture-wicking materials are preferable, and snug clothing around legs prevents entanglement in the bike, but there’s no need to invest in special attire unless desired.
However, protective gear is worth investment, starting with a helmet. New mountain bikers should consider more protection. Pearl Izumi’s mountain bike product manager John Pepper notes that new cyclists may get a few bumps. “Don’t skip protection. A good set of knee or elbow pads is crucial since beginners often fall,” he advises. Experienced riders also recommend padded shorts, known as chamois. “A liner short with a chamois greatly improves comfort on a mountain bike ride,” Pepper explained. Ill-fitting gear should never detract from the biking experience. Avoiding bruises and soreness from unpadded shorts enhances enjoyment.
As for additional gear, consider gloves, sunglasses, and tall socks in brush-heavy areas. Mountain bike-specific shoes provide better traction, but any grippy outdoor shoes are adequate if unavailable. Attaching a water bottle holder to your bike eliminates the need for a hydration pack on short rides, and carrying tire-changing supplies and a bike multi-tool on your frame is handy, too.
Expect mountain biking to be demanding initially, even if you’re otherwise fit. It’s a rigorous cardio workout that may seem tough, especially while learning how to shift and adapt the bike for steep and rocky paths. Rapidly tiring muscles should prompt beginners to blend biking trips with other mountain activities, giving the body time to recover. Pedaling all day for multiple days can overly strain or injure newbies.
For downhill mountain biking enthusiasts, summer trips to ski resorts with bike parks are fantastic options. Consider locations like Northstar California Resort and Mammoth Mountain in California, Colorado’s Keystone or Breckenridge Resorts, Sugar Mountain in North Carolina, or Killington Resort in Vermont, all with numerous nearby activities for downtime enjoyment.
For those interested in cross-country and trail biking, many places offer great routes without restricting yourself to ski resorts. The easiest route is searching “best mountain biking in [place or state].” Use apps like Strava, AllTrails, or TrailForks to understand any trail’s route, elevation, length, and difficulty level before venturing out.
Remember, trail ratings vary widely. Outside of resorts, difficulty levels reflect peers’ average opinions. Begin with simple (or green) trails when exploring new regions. Particularly rocky paths may challenge some riders, whereas others might struggle with long uphill climbs. Increased riding experience will improve your judgment of trail ratings over time.
